Resumen. Este artículo teórico presenta las clínicas del trabajo como campo subdisciplinar e interdisciplinar de la psicología social de las organizaciones y del trabajo, interesado en analizar e intervenir desde una perspectiva clínico-crítica sobre las relaciones subjetividad-trabajo-contexto, en clave de malestar, sufrimiento y placer, y, por ende, en la salud mental en este campo, deslindado de la salud ocupacional tradicional que se aleja de la singularidad subjetiva. Se desarrollan los determinantes del placer, el malestar y el sufrimiento en el trabajo y subraya desde la perspectiva crítica cómo puede ser una alternativa posible a la salud ocupacional como práctica investigativa y de intervención.

Abstract. This theoretical paper depicts the clinics of work as a subdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of the social psychology of work and organizations, interested in analyzing and intervening from a critical-clinical perspective in the subjectivity-work-context relationship, in the context of discomfort, suffering, and pleasure, and thus, in the mental health within this field. Consequently, it separates from traditional occupational health, which ignores subjective singularities. The subdiscipline of CW develops the determinants of pleasure, discomfort, and suffering at work, standing out in the process as a possible alternative of occupational health, based on research practice and intervention from a critical perspective.

ABSTRACT From a multidimensional perspective, it is analyzed the configuration of the employability of university professors. For this purpose, contributions from the specialized literature are systematized, as well as findings from the content analysis of 24 interviews on trajectories of academics working in Spanish and Colombian universities. The contrast of spatio-temporal contexts allows us to visualize the differential impact of socio-economic, cultural, political, educational and organizational dynamics on markets and labor relations. Similarly, it is analyzed the personal, relational and psychological resources of the faculty, which facilitate or limit their insertion, support and mobility in the labor markets. This contributes to the understanding of employability as a complex, multidimensional and situational phenomenon, dependent on the context and the individual, which represents a relative potential estimate of difficult apprehension, but with concrete consequences for the people who work.

RESUMEN Partiendo de una perspectiva multidimensional, se analiza la configuración de la empleabilidad del profesorado universitario. Para ello se sistematizan aportes de la literatura especializada y se presentan resultados del análisis de 24 entrevistas sobre las trayectorias de académicos vinculados a universidades españolas y colombianas. El contraste de contextos espacio-temporales, permite visibilizar la incidencia diferencial de dinámicas socio-económicas, culturales, políticas, educativas y organizacionales en los mercados y relaciones del profesorado con su trabajo. De igual forma, se analizan recursos personales, relacionales y psicológicos del profesorado, que repercuten en la inserción, permanencia y movilidad del profesorado en los mercados de trabajo. Lo anterior genera aportes la comprensión de la empleabilidad como un fenómeno complejo, multidimensional y situacional, dependiente tanto del contexto como del individuo, que representa una estimativa potencial relativa de difícil aprehensión, pero con consecuencias concretas para las personas que trabajan.

O panorama de abordagens da psicologia do trabalho e das organizações (PTO) no Brasil mostra grande diversidade teórica e metodológica que reflete a presença de distintos paradigmas científicos na delimitação e organização desse campo. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar esses paradigmas e relacioná-los com três eixos temáticos da PTO no Brasil: o do comportamento, o da subjetividade e o clínico. Investiga-se os fundamentos epistemológicos e metodológicos, alguns trabalhos e autores de cada um desses eixos, discutindo sua contribuição para o campo da PTO no Brasil. O artigo desenvolve uma discussão sobre as tensões existentes entre esses eixos, derivadas da pressão de corresponderem, ao mesmo tempo, a critérios de rigor acadêmico e relevância organizacional. O artigo, por fim, mostra a diversificação do campo da PTO no Brasil e os desafios disso decorrentes.

The great theoretical and methodological diversity of Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP) approaches in Brazil reflects the presence of distinct scientific paradigms in the setting of boundaries and the organization of this field. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these paradigms and relate them with three WOP thematic streams in Brazil: the behavioral stream; the subjectivity stream; and the clinical stream. We investigate epistemological and methodological fundamentals, some studies and authors in each of these streams, discussing their contribution to the field of WOP in Brazil. The paper discusses the stresses that exist among these streams, which arise from the pressure of corresponding at once to academic rigor and organizational relevance criteria. Finally, the article shows the diversification of the field of WOP in Brazil and resulting challenges.

El presente artículo sintetiza reflexiones sobre el constructo empleabilidad, basados en la Investigación "Empregabilidade: Versões e implicações. Uma leitura desde a Psicologia Social", Rentería (2008). En primer lugar se presenta su historia como noción instrumental que implica un sinnúmero de acepciones orientadas a la responsabilización de las personas para entrar, mantenerse o salir del mundo del trabajo. La reflexión incluye, más allá de la individualización, el cuestionamiento sobre los actores visibles o invisibles implicados en los mercados de trabajo y en la definición de sus criterios y reglas. Complementariamente se discuten interfases con la academia y dispositivos de formación; así como exigencias para las personas y prácticas de Recursos Humanos. Finalmente se presentan cuestionamientos sobre las implicaciones psicosociales del fenómeno.

This article presents some reflections on the 'employability' construct, based on the "Empregabilidade: Versões e implicações. Uma leitura desde a Psicologia Social" research project. Its history is presented first as an instrumental notion implying several meanings, all oriented towards holding people responsible for entering, staying at or leaving jobs. This reflection includes, beyond individualization, questions about visible or invisible actors involved in labor markets and in the definition of its criteria and rules. Interfaces with the academic world and formation devices are also discussed, as well as demands for Human Resources personnel and practices. Finally, questions about the psychosocial implications of the phenomenon are presented.